1.
Computer Fundamental (Typing Lessons)
2.
Windows XP
3. Microsoft
Word 2003
4.
Microsoft Excel 2003 :
5.
Microsoft PowerPoint 2003 :
6.
Printing & Scanning
7.
Internet / E-mail
8.
CD Copying & Writing.
# Typing lessons (English) :
# Top Line :
Q W
E R T
Y U I
O P
Exercise
:
Quit,
we, were, you, your, tip, put, pot, top, too, to, tree, toy, wet, row, true
etc.
# Home Line :
A S
D F G
H J K
L ;
Exercise
:
As,
dad, gas, glass, all, hall, shall, ask, flag, flash, ash, jha, dahal etc.
# Bottom Line :
Z X
C V B
N M ,
. /
Exercise
:
Zoo,
zebra, zero, fox, ox, cow, cat, van, beat, name, man, etc.
# Computer Definition :
“Computer
is an electronic equipment that produces the meaningful information”
Or,
“Computer
is an electronic equipment that solves the problems.”
Or,
“Computer
is an electronic equipment that accepts
the data and information, processes
them for output results, and gives
the output results.”
In
conclusion, Computer is an electronic machine that is made by some electronic
chips, circuit boards, wires and cables. It takes the data and information from
the input unit such as mouse, keyboard; processes them for output results
according to the set of pre-defined instruction (programs) in the formation of
Binary codes (0, 1), and gives the actual output results from the output device
with logically and speedy.
The
word COMPUTER is derived from the Latin word COMPUTARE, which means to
calculate the mathematical functions.
# Computer System :
Computer
System is the complete set of Input Unit, processing Unit and Output unit. So,
the combination of all the equipment like input unit, processing unit and
output unit is called Computer System.
 |
1. Input Unit :
The
device, that is used to send the data and information to the C.P.U. is called
Input Unit like Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick etc. Specially, joystick is used for
playing the game to move the object right, left, up, down, forward and backward
in the screen area.
The
following input units are available.
a. Keyboard :
Keyboard
is an input unit like a typewriter, sends the data and information to the C.P.U.
It has the keys arranged in QWERT layout. It uses more keys specially used for
different purpose.
The
following keys are arranged on the keyboard.
Alphabetical keys : A to Z.
Numerical Keys : 0 to 9.
Functional Keys : F1 to F12
Operating Keys : Alt, Ctrl, Windows etc.
Symbol keys : %, $, #, @, >, <, /
etc.
Different
types of keyboard are available, those are given below.
# Classification of keyboard
on basis of connector :
 |
i. Serial Keyboard :
- An old technology.
- 5 pins big rounded connector.
-
Data transfer rate slow.
ii. PS/2 Keyboard :
-
New technology.
- 6
pins small rounded connector.
-
Data transfer rate fast than Serial keyboard.
iii. USB (Universal Serial
Bus) Keyboard :
- An advanced technology.
- 4
pins a thin rectangle connector.
-
Data transfers rate fast.
iv. Wireless Keyboard :
-
An advanced technology.
-
No wires.
-
Data transfer rate fast.
# Classification of Keyboard
on the basis of functions :
i. Normal Keyboard :
This
type of keyboard has only alphabetical, numeric, functional, operating and
symbol keys. It has no extra keys arranged on the top of the Functional keys.
ii. Multimedia Keyboard :
This
type of keyboard is similar with normal keyboard but it has extra multimedia
keys arranged on the top of the Functional keys. Multi media keys are used for
multimedia (Internet/E-mail, Songs etc.).
b. Mouse :
Mouse
is also an input device that is used to send the instructions to the C.P.U. It
has two or three clicking buttons on the upper side, and track ball or laser
beam in the inner side. Track ball or laser beam helps to move the mouse
pointer in the screen area.
# Classification of Mouse :
i. Serial Mouse :
- Old technology.
- 9 pins D connector.
- Has track ball.
-
Data transfer rate slow.
ii. PS/2 Mouse :
-
New technology.
- 6
pins small rounded connector.
-
Has track ball or laser beam.
-
Data transfer rate fast than Serial mouse.
iii. USB (Universal Serial
Bus) Mouse :
- Advanced technology.
- 4
pins thin rectangle connector.
-
Has track ball or laser beam.
-
Data transfer rate fast.
iv. Optical Mouse :
-
Advanced technology.
-
Has 6 pins or 4 pins connector.
-
Has only laser beam.
-
Data transfer rate fast.
v. Wireless Mouse :
-
Advanced technology.
-
No wires.
-
Has laser beam.
-
Data transfer rate fast.
2. Processing Unit :
The
device, that is used to process all the data and information for output results
according to the set of pre-defined program, is called processing unit or
Central Processing Unit (C.P.U.). Processing Unit is the main brain of the
computer. Without C.P.U., no computer runs. It processes all the data and
information in the formation of Binary codes (0, 1). Zero (0) stands for
electricity off and One (1) for electricity on. There are two sectors inside
the C.P.U. Those are given below.
i. ALU (Arithmetic and Logic
Unit) :
In
this sector, Arithmetic Unit controls the Arithmetic operations like Addition,
Subtraction, Division and Multiplication. And Logic Unit controls the logical
operations comparing between two or more than two variables, values or
expressions using “And” or “Or” etc.
ii. CU (Control Unit) :
In
this section, Control Unit controls all the remaining parts of the computer
system like flow of data in and out, configuration of hardware etc.
3. Output Unit :
The
device, that is used to display all the output results, is called Output Unit
like Monitor, Printer, Speaker etc.
a. Monitor :
Monitor
is an output unit that displays all the data and information, that can be
understood by the users. Today, various types of monitor are available in the
market according to their brand, model, size and quality. Some monitor displays
the text or images in higher quality or lower quality output that is dependent
on the technology they used. The quality of display output is measured in Pixel
which is a small dotted (.) point of the images.
# Monitors Technology :
Today,
various types of monitor technology are developed such as LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display), CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LED(Light Emitting Diode), Gas plasma
etc. Today desktop monitor uses CRT
technology, which is more expensive because it consumes more electricity power
supply and occupies more places in the room. But latest technology used in LCD
monitor is so being popular than Desktop monitor using CRT technology because
LCD monitor is so slim, easy to handle and saves more than 60% electricity
power supply.
b. Printer :
After
creating a document, we give the command to print out the paper using the
printer. The paper printed out from the printer is called hard copy and the
printer is called Hard output device. Today, various type of printer are
available in the market. The quality of printer is dependent on what type of
technology they used on the basis of size, speed etc.
i. Dotmatrix Printer :
Dotmatrix
printer is impact printer that prints the document in the paper in the
formation of dot (.) patterns striking against the inked ribbon. This type of
printer prints the document in lower quality output, slowly, and gives noises. Specially,
these types of printers are still used for billing in departmental store,
hospital, schools, platforms etc.
ii. Inkject printer :
This
is non-impact printer which prints the document spraying the liquid ink from
the tiny nozzles of print header (Cartridge). A tiny nozzle is a small hair
hole. Dozen of tiny nozzles are on the
top of print header. This type of printer prints the document in higher quality
but slow, gives less noises than Dotmatrix printer.
iii. Laser Printer :
Laser
Printer is also non-impact printer like a photocopier machine in technology. It
prints the document using the dust ink (Toner). Specially, this type of printer
is used for creating books, thesis, magazines, and large size of news paper
because it gives the higher quality output than others.
The
speed of printer is measured in PPM (Paper Per Minute) or CPS (Characters Per
Second).
4. Storage Unit :
The device that is used to store the data
and information for further uses, is called Storage unit like Hard disk drive,
Floppy Disk Drive, CD-ROM etc.
a. Primary Storage Unit :
This type of storage unit is called
memory unit that stores the data and information for certain time.
i. ROM (Read Only Memory) :
This
is one of the most important memory unit that contains certain programming
instruction which configures hardware devices. It only reads the data and
information from its memory. We can not remove the data from its memory.
ii. RAM (Random Access Memory) :
It
holds the data and instruction for temporary. When we shut down (turn off) the
computer, all of the data and instructions from RAM will be removed from its
memory. So, we can say RAM is a volatile memory. When we turn on the computer
again, the data and instructions (Windows operating system) once again
re-loaded to the RAM, usually from hard disk drive.
b. Secondary Storage Unit :
Secondary
Storage unit stores the data and information for further use. When you need,
you can use them (data and information) in any time. The following secondary
storage unit are available.
i. FDD (Floppy Disk Drive) :
FDD
is the most important secondary storage device that stores the data and
information up to 1.44 MB of storage capacity. It runs the data and information
slowly than HDD and CD-ROM.
ii. CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) :
CD-ROM
is the main storage unit that stores the data and information related with
programs, films, music, games software, files/documents etc. It stores the data
and information up to 700 MB. It runs fast than FDD but slow than HDD.
iii. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) :
HDD
is the main mass storage device that stores the large capacity of data and
information for further use. Today, different brand and type of hard disk are
available in the market. Hard disk are available in 10GB, 20GB, 40GB, 80GB,
120GB, 160GB and more that 160GB of storage capacity. It runs fast than CD-ROM
and Floppy Disk.
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